A Relationship Between Growth And The Historical Context...

One of the aims for this essay is to establish whether there is a relationship between growth and the historical context of the countries. One could say that the obstacles to growth for developing countries could be based on the historical context of the countries. After receiving independence in the 1950 and 1960s, they regarded colonialism to be in the past and the only way was forward, aiming for economic development and prosperity (development book pg1). However According (development book pg1) imperialist exploitation in western development and the west domination of the world economy foredoomed the new states to be dependent. In other words Western Europe and North America had in with the natural course of Africans industrialization†¦show more content†¦Post- independence African countries tried several models of industrialization (Nzau, 2010, p. 152). One of these modes of development was the import substitution model (ISM). This development strategy was an inward l ooking strategy it was expected make industrial development easier , thus allowing the countries to familiarize themselves with industries and technology (Nzau, 2010, p. 152), thus also providing employment and wealth for the countries (meir 1989). According to Kilby (1975), and Mkandawire and Soludo (1999) suggest that import substitution was the original industrialization policy, because the governments realised that they were incapable to compete in the world market The objective was to ban the export structure based on out-of-date farming, and use import substitution as a way to increase and diversify (vary) its production. Examples to show the industry in Sub Saharan Africa grew, the data presented by Pearson (1969) show that the industry grew during that transitional period of the (ISM) being in place. The data shows that in DR Congo, the average annual growth rate of the industry was 11% between 1948/59; in Zimbabwe, its average annual growth rate was 8.7% between 1948/63; in Nigeria, 6% between 1950/57; and in Kenya, 5% between 1956/63. With regard to Zimbabwe, between 1945 and 1965, the share of manufacturing in GDP rose from almost

Todd s Original Culture And The Mainstream Culture

1. Todd is facing challenges between both worlds, for his original culture and the mainstream culture are exceedingly different from one another. Todd’s original culture, Zuà ±i, is a culture in which one is considered â€Å"a private people.† They tend to display fewer emotions/feelings in public; however, that doesn’t mean they don’t love each other. Zuà ±i people show their love through actions such as â€Å"helping one another, by caring for the people we love when they need us.† Therefore, Todd expresses his love to his family by possibly helping the family cook or getting a job to support his family. Todd is used to keeping his feelings to himself and not showing his true self in public. Zuà ±i believes in self-control; thus, they are very†¦show more content†¦It is a necessity to be able to understand the cultural background of someone else because society as a whole takes things from each other. For instance, through the inf luence of the development jobs and trading of resources, many similar beliefs are borrowed and practiced within different groups of people. This is very useful in a workplace, for one will know how to handle and approach another person with a different culture without coming off as disrespectful or ignorant in a negative aspect. This can be applied with a Christian approaching a Muslim or vice versa. Knowing this skill can allow them to have a successful conversation. 3. Having a â€Å"global awareness† can help one as a public speaker, for it allows the speaker to be familiar with what’s going on in the world. With this awareness, the speaker is able to connect his speeches to real-life crisis/issues that are currently happening today. His audience may feel truly affected in certain issues in the world today such as Black Lives Matter. Black Lives Matter has black family members that may have lost their lives due to unlawful killing from the police. Thus, this caused the family to become very emotional when hearing about these tragic events. Provided that the public speaker speaks about motivation from this unfortunate event, then the speaker will be able to get the audience’s attention. With this attention, the audience willShow MoreRelatedDid the Impact of the Beatles Sgt Pepper Album Help Redefine Popular Music as a Culturally Significant Art Form?4164 Words   |  17 Pagestheir musical creativity, their social and political context, their overall impact on music and popular culture and the contemporary music industry at the time. I’ve chosen this specific album as I find it a particularly interesting moment in their career, creating an album that will always be remembered. It was also released in such an important time in history; a time where a popular culture was born. 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Prolonged Preservation Of The Heart Prior To Transplantation Essay Example For Students

Prolonged Preservation Of The Heart Prior To Transplantation Essay Word Count: 2180Picture this. A man is involved in a severe car crash in Florida which has left him brain-dead with no hope for any kind of recovery. The majority of his vital organs are still functional and the man has designated that his organs be donated to a needy person upon his untimely death. Meanwhile, upon checking with the donor registry board, it is discovered that the best match for receiving the heart of the Florida man is a male in Oregon who is in desperate need of a heart transplant. Without the transplant, the man will most certainly die within 48 hours. The second mans tissues match up perfectly with the brain-dead mans in Florida. This seems like an excellent opportunity for a heart transplant. However, a transplant is currently not a viable option for the Oregon man since he is separated by such a vast geographic distance from the organ. Scientists and doctors are currently only able to keep a donor heart viable for four hours before the tissues become irreversibl y damaged. Because of this preservation restriction, the donor heart is ultimately given to someone whose tissues do not match up as well, so there is a greatly increased chance for rejection of the organ by the recipient. As far as the man in Oregon goes, he will probably not receive a donor heart before his own expires. Currently, when a heart is being prepared for transplantation, it is simply submerged in an isotonic saline ice bath in an attempt to stop all metabolic activity of that heart. This cold submersion technique is adequate for only four hours. However, if the heart is perfused with the proper media, it can remain viable for up to 24 hours. The technique of perfusion is based on intrinsically simple principles. What occurs is a physician carefully excises the heart from the donor. He then accurately trims the vessels of the heart so they can be easily attached to the perfusion apparatus. After trimming, a cannula is inserted into the superior vena cava. Through this cannula, the preservation media can be pumped in. What if this scenario were different? What if doctors were able to preserve the donor heart and keep it viable outside the body for up to 24 hours instead of only four hours? If this were possible, the heart in Florida could have been transported across the country to Oregon where the perfect recipient waited. The biochemical composition of the preservation media for hearts during the transplant delay is drastically important for prolonging the viability of the organ. If a media can be developed that could preserve the heart for longer periods of time, many lives could be saved as a result. Another benefit of this increase in time is that it would allow doctors the time to better prepare themselves for the lengthy operation. The accidents that render people brain-dead often occur at night or in the early morning. Presently, as soon as a donor organ becomes available, doctors must immediately go to work at transplanting it. This extremely intricate and intense operation takes a long time to complete. If the transplanting doctor is exhausted from working a long day, the increase in duration would allow him enough time to get some much needed rest so he can perform the operation under the best possible circumstances. Experiments have been conducted that studied the effects of preserving excised hearts by adding several compounds to the media in which the organ is being stored. The most successful of these compounds are pyruvate and a pyruvate containing compound known as perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene-egg yolk phospholipid (APE-LM). It was determined that adding pyruvate to the media improved postpreservation cardiac function while adding glucose had little or no effect. To test the function of these two intermediates, rabbit hearts were excised and preserved for an average of 24.5 1 0.2 hours on a preservation apparatus before they were transplanted back into a recipient rabbit. While attached to the preservation apparatus, samples of the media output of the heart were taken every 2 hours and were assayed for their content. If the compound in the media showed up in large amounts in the assay, it could be concluded that the compound was not metabolized by the heart. If little or none of the compou nd placed in the media appeared in the assay, it could be concluded that compound was used up by the heart metabolism. self esteem EssayA major obstacle that must be overcome in order for heart transplants to be successful, is the typically prolonged delay involved in getting the organ from donor to recipient. The biochemical composition of the preservation media for hearts during the transplant and transportation delays are extremely important for prolonging the viability of the organ. It has been discovered that adding pyruvate, or pyruvate containing compounds like APE-LM, to a preservation medium greatly improves post-preservation cardiac function of the heart. As was discussed, the pyruvate is able to enter the citric acid cycle and produce sufficient amounts of energy to sustain the heart after it has been excised until it is transplanted. Increasing the amount of time a heart can remain alive outside of the body prior to transplantation from the current four hours to 24 hours has many desirable benefits. As discussed earlier, this increase in time would allow doctors the ability to better match the tissues of the donor with those of the recipient. Organ rejection by recipients occurs frequently because their tissues do not suitably match those of the donors. The increase in viability time would also allow plenty of opportunity for the organ to be transported to the needy person, even if it must go across the country.